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1 δυσμή
δυσμή, ῆς, ἡ the action of appearing to sink and so disappear from view, going down, setting (of the sun) (s. δύνω; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX), also as direction of the setting sun, west (Aeschyl. et al.) in our lit. (also LXX, En, TestSol 1:2 and 4 VW; TestJud 5:2; GrBar 8:1; Philo; Jos., e.g. Ant. 3, 199; 7, 16; SibOr, e.g. 4, 102; 5, 371 and 374; Just., D. 137, 4) exclusively pl., elsewh., nearly so (opp. ἀνατολαί) of east and west (BGU 1049, 8; Ps 106:3; TestJud 5:2) Mt 8:11; Lk 13:29; ἀπὸ δ. in the west Rv 21:13 (s. ἀπό 2a). ἐπὶ δυσμῶν in the west (cp. Num 22:1; 33:48; Dt 11:24, 30) Lk 12:54. Of lightning that flashes across the whole sky ἐξέρχεται ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ φαίνεται ἕως δ. it comes fr. the east and shines to the west Mt 24:27 (cp. 1 Ch 12:16; Bar 4:37).—B. 871. DELG s.v. δύω. M-M. -
2 ἀνατολή
ἀνατολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀνατέλλω; poetic form ἀντ-, some mss. Pre-Socratics, Hdt.; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol 9:7 P; TestAbr A 11 p. 88, 28 [Stone p. 24]; TestJob, Test12Patr, JosAs; ApcEsdr 5:12 p. 30, 22 Tdf.; ApcMos, Philo, Joseph.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14 [Fgm. 8b 43 = Goodsp., Apol. p. 309]).① upward movement of celestial bodies, rising, of stars (Aeschyl. et al.; PHib 27, 45 πρὸς τ. δύσεις καὶ ἀνατολὰς τ. ἄστρων; PTebt 276, 38; Neugebauer-Hoesen index; PGM 13, 1027; 1037; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 187) ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ at its rising, when it rose Mt 2:2, because of the sg. and the article in contrast to ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν, vs. 1, prob. not a geograph. expr. like the latter, but rather astronomical (B-D-R §235, 5; cp. B-D-F); likew. vs. 9; GJs 21:1, 3 (cp. Petosiris, Fgm. 6, ln. 31 of the moon ἅμα τῇ ἀνατολῇ=simultaneously with its rising; 12, ln. 133 ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἄστρου ἀνατολῇ; FBoll, ZNW 18, 1918, 44f; a distinction is also made by PGM 36, 239 ἐξ ἀνατολῆς τ. χωρίου πλησίον ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου. Cp. EHodous, CBQ 6, ’44, 81f [‘near the horizon’], and L-S-J-M s.v. 2).② the position of the rising sun, east, orient (Hdt. et al.; LXX).ⓐ sg. ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου (cp. Aeschyl., Pr. 707 ἐνθένδʼ ἡλίου πρὸς ἀντολάς) from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12 (Just., D. 28, 5 [Mal 1:11 ἀνατολῶν]); simply ἀπὸ ἀ. (SIG 1112, 25) 21:13; (opp. δύσις; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 68 §288 ἀπό τε δύσεως καὶ ἐξ ἀνατολῆς; OGI 199, 32; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) short ending of Mk; πρὸς τὴν ἀ. toward the east (Jos., Ant. 1, 37, C. Ap. 1, 77) Hv 1, 4, 1; 3 (cp. Mel., HE 4, 26, 14). Gener. of the orient (opp. δύσις) 1 Cl 5:6; IRo 2:2.ⓑ pl. (Hdt. et al.; Diod S 5, 42, 3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 65; B-D-F §141, 2; Rob. 408) 1 Cl 10:4 (Gen 13:14). ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν from the east (pap, s. Preis.; Gk. Parchments fr. Avroman IIa, 8: JHS 35, 1915, p. 30 ἀπὸ τ. ἀνατολῶν; Num 23:7) μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀ. Mt 2:1. ἐξέρχεσθαι ἀπὸ ἀ. come from the east (of lightning) Mt 24:27. ἀπὸ ἀ. καὶ δυσμῶν (this contrast Apollon. Rhod. 1, 85; Epict. 3, 13, 9; Sb 385, 2; Mal 1:11; Zech 8:7; Is 59:19; Philo, In Flacc. 45) from east and west=fr. the whole world Mt 8:11. The four points of the compass (Ps 106:3) Lk 13:29 (cp. En 18:6f εἰς ἀ. … πρὸς ἀ. Mel., P. 47, 335 κατὰ ἀνατολὰς ἐν Ἐδέμ to the east, in Eden [on Gen. 2:8]).[b]③ a change from darkness to light in the early morning, the dawn, fig., of the coming of the Messiah (cp. Damasc., Vi. Isidori 244 φέρειν τ. θείαν ἀνατολήν [s. ἀνατέλλω 2]; of Augustus: Kaibel 978, 4 ὸ̔ς (ς)ωτ[ὴ]ρ Ζεὺ[ς ἀ]ν[έ]τ[ειλε] μέγας; [s. ἀνατέλλω 2]; Mel. Fgm. 8b, 45 περὶ λουτροῦ 4, Perler p. 232 = Goodsp., Apol. p. 311: ἥλιος ἀνατολῆς) ἀ. ἐξ ὕψους the dawn from heaven Lk 1:78, interpr. by AJacoby, ZNW 20, 1921, 205ff as sprout or scion of God, and sim. by Billerb. II, 1924, 113 as Messiah of Yahweh.—FDölger, Sol Salutis2, 1925, 149ff.—B. 871. DDD s.v.‘Helel’ (הילל). DELG s.v. τέλλω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
3 περίοικος
περίοικος, ον,A dwelling round,οἱ π. Λίβυες Hdt.4.159
; οἱ π. neighbours, Id.1.166, 175, Ephipp.5.6 ; ἡ π. (sc. χώρα) LXX Ge.19.25 ; τὸ π. τοῦ Ἰορδάνου ib.3 Ki.7.33(46); τὰ π. the neighbouring countries, App.Mith. 112, Hdn.6.2.1.II in Laconia, οἱ π. the inhabitants of the towns dependent on Sparta, Hdt.6.58,9.11, Th.1.101, etc.; also in Crete, Arist.Pol. 1271b30 ; at Argos, ib. 1303a8 : hence generally, dependent, subject, ;ἐξὸν.. ἅπαντας τοὺς βαρβάρους περιοίκους τῆς Ἑλλάδος καταστῆσαι Isoc.4.131
.III geographically, περίοικοι, οἱ, those who live on the same parallel of latitude as ourselves but 180<*> East or West of us, opp. ἄντοικοι (v. Addenda), ἀντίποδες (qq. v.). Gem.16.1, Cleom.1.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περίοικος
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4 Αἰθίοπες
Αἰθίοπες ( αἴθω, the ‘swarthy’), acc. ῆας: Aethiopians, a pious folk, loved and visited by the gods, dwelling on the borders of Oceanus, in two divisions, east and west, Od. 1.22 ff.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > Αἰθίοπες
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5 ἠέλιος
ἠέλιος: the sun; of rising, ἀνιέναι, ἀνορούειν, Od. 3.1; ἀνανεῖσθαι, Od. 10.192; στείχειν πρὸς οὐρανόν, Od. 11.17; noon, μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβαίνειν, Il. 8.68; afternoon, μετανίσσειν βουλῦτόνδε, Il. 16.779; ἄψ ἐπὶ γαῖαν προτρέπεσθαι, Od. 11.18; setting, δύειν, ἐπιδύειν, καταδύειν, ἐμπίπτειν Ὠκεανῷ, Il. 8.485; of shining, ἐπιλάμπειν, ἀκτῖσι βάλλειν, ἐπιδέρκεσθαι ἀκτίνεσσιν, also φάος ἠελίοιο, often as typical of life, Od. 11.93, Il. 18.11, , Od. 4.540; αὐγή, αἴγλη, μένος, Ψ 1, Od. 10.160; epithets, ἀκάμᾶς, λαμπρός, λευκός, παμφανόων, φαεσίμβροτος. Expressions for east and west, Od. 13.240, Il. 12.239, Od. 10.191 .—Ἠέλιος, Ἥλιος (Od. 8.271), Helius, the sun-god, son of Hyperion, Od. 12.176, Od. 1.8; father of Circe, and of Phaethūsa and Lampetie, Od. 10.138, Od. 12.133; propitiated by sacrifice, Il. 3.104, Il. 19.197; oath by the sun, Il. 19.259; the kine of Helius, Od. 12.128, , τ 2, Od. 23.329.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἠέλιος
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6 μάγγανον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `philtre, charm, block of a pulley' (Hero Bel., Pap. IIIp), [`eiserner Pflock, Bolzen'] (Sch.), `throwing machine, ballista, tormentum' (Gloss., H.), `means to deceive, bewitch' (Heracl. All., H.).Derivatives: μαγγανάριος `deceiver' (pap. IIIp), `mechanic' (Papp.), will be a loan from Latin. Denomin. verb μαγγανεύω `deceive, bewitch with artificial means, play tricks' with μαγγαν-εία `trickery' (Pl. Lg., Ph.), - εύματα pl. `charms, philtres' (Pl., Plu.), - ευτής `impostor, quack' (Suid., Phot.), - ευτικη τέχνη `agical art' (Poll.), - εύτριαι pl. H. s. βαμβακεύ-τριαι, - ευτήριον `haunt for impostors' (Them.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word got as a loan a wide spread: Lat. manganum `machine' (to Rom., e.g. Ital. mangano `sling') with the unclear byform mangō `a handler, who promotes his ware by artificial means' (from hell. *μάγγων?), from where mangōnium `dressing up ware', Alb. mangë `hemp-brake', mengji `medicine', MHG MLG mange `throwing-machine', NHG Mange(l) `smoothing roll(?) for laundry' (from where Balt., e.g. Lith. mañgalis `mangling-machine'). If we forget these loans, a few words from the farthest east and west remain, which have been connected as cognate with μάγγανον: Skt. mañju-, mañjula- `beautiful, sweet, charming', maṅgala n. `happiness, salvation, good omen' (all ep. class.), Osset. mäng `deceit'; Celt., MIr. meng `deceit, cleverness, ruse' (but Toch. A maṅk `guilt, fault, sin', adduced by Schneider, together with B meṅki `id.', also `smaller', with μανός, μάνυ). To this rather motley collection one may add further the group of μάσσω `knead', through which the most wide combinations can be made. - Lit. in Bq, WP. 2, 233, Pok. 731, W.-Hofmann s. mangō; esp. Meringer IF 19, 436f. a. 21, 282, whose attempts to make the history of these words concrete, are in principle no doubt correct, even when they lack confirmation or are in detail even wrong. - From an IE root * meng- (Pok. 731) the Greek form cannot be derived; the word must then be Pre-Greek (as was already stated by W.- Hofmann s.v. mango), where mang-an- is unproblematic. The Sanskrit words are semantically too far off (perh. they are of Dravidian origin, Mayrhofer KEWA547, 553 and EWAia 379f.). (Such isolated Sanskrit comparisons with Greek must often be discarded.) The other words will be loans from Latin. (Lith. mañgalis is a loan from German.) The original meaning was no doubt as Frisk assumed a technical instrument. The meaning `hemp-brake' goes in the same direction, but the meaning ballista I cannot easily combine. The meaning `mangling-machine' recurs several times (Germ. `Glättroll für Wäsche'). It served to `embellish' the cloths. From there the notion of deceit. It is a good example of the long life of a Pre-Greek word which was by some considered as IE.Page in Frisk: 2,155Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάγγανον
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7 λέσχη
λέσχη Bremmer WAAR?Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `room, builing as meeting place' (σ 329, Hes.); `grave' (Rhodos); see H. Bolkestein MAWNied. 84B: 3 (1937) 18ff.Compounds: ἔλ-λεσχος `commonly talked off' (Hdt. 1, 153; from ἐν λέσχῃ), πρό-λεσχος `eager to talk' (A. Supp. 200; cf. πρό-χειρος a.o.; ἀδο-λέσχης (s.s.v.).Derivatives: λεσχήν, - ῆνος m. `chatterer' (Timo 46); λεσχην-εῖ ὁμιλεῖ, μυθολογεῖ H. - λεσχαῖος ἐξηγητής, ὁμιλητής H.; λεσχάραι οἷον αἱ σχολαί... (EM561, 17). See Solmsen Wortforsch. 124 f. - Two month names of unclear formation: Λεσχανάσιος (Tegea), Λεσχανόριος (Thessal., Gortyn); also Άπόλλων Λεσχηνόριος (from the λέσχαι which were under his protection?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mostly connected with λέχος, from *λέχσκᾱ. As Greek has no nomin. suffix - sk-, and as a k-suffix from the zero grade *λεχσ- is also improbable, one assumes a σκ-present *λέχ-σκ-εται (\> *λέσχεται); but there is no trace of this verb. The same formation was assumed for OHG. lëscan ' löschen' (as `lie down'); also for Celtic, e. g. OIr. lesc `lazy', where it is quite uncertain. - As the room was not for lying down, this etymology (supposing *λεσχεται really existed) is improbable. - Long ago the agreement with Hebr. liškāh was observed. This cannot be ignored. It was assumed that Greek had the word from the Near East (West, East Face 38; not the other way round, ib.), but as the word is isolated in NWSemitic, Schrader (FS Jahrh.feier Univ. Breslau, 1911, 469) already assumed that both languages had it from Anatolia, which seems the most probable interpretation. Thus Fur. 295, 257, who points out that the suffix of λεσχάραι is non-Greek; he also points to the Hebr. variant niškāh, which may point to Anat. l\/n, as in Fur. 388. Thus now Bremmer, WAAR?See also: weitere Lit. s. λέχεται.Page in Frisk: 2,107-108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέσχη
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8 λίψ
3 the West, opp. ἀπηλιώτης, PTeb. 14.19 (ii B. C.), Vett.Val.8.5, Paul.Al.A.2, Herm. ap. Stob.1.21.9, 1.49.45; rarely in LXX, 2 Ch.32.30, 33.14, Thd.Da.8.5; λιβός or λίβα εἰς ἀπηλιώτην from West to East, BGU1037.15 (i A. D.), CPR28.21 (ii A.D.).4 Astron., πρωινὸς λ., μεσημβρινὸς λ., ὀψινὸς λ., position of a star on the W. horizon at sunrise, midday, or sunset, Ptol.Alm. 8.4.------------------------------------A stream, ἐξ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι.. λίβα (Burges for δία) A.Eu.54; ἀφθονέστερον λίβα f.l. in A.Fr.72;μέλιτος λίβα A.R.4.1454
.2 = λοιβή, libation,φιλοσπόνδου λιβός A.Ch. 292
;εὐκταίαν λίβα Id.Fr.55
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9 δέπας
Aδέπᾳ Od.10.316
: pl. nom.δέπᾰ 15.466
, etc.; δέπατα dub. in IG12(3).450a1 ([place name] Thera): [dialect] Ep. dat.δεπάεσσι Il.1.471
,δέπασσι 15.86
:—beaker, goblet, Od.10.316, etc.;δ. ἀμφικύπελλον Il. 1.584
, al.;δ. χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον 11.632
; δ. σκύπφειον Stes. 7;δ. ἐκ κεράμοιο APl.4.333
(Antiphil.); of the golden bowl in which the sun floated back from West to East during the night, Stes.8.1, Pherecyd.18 (a) J.;δ. Ἡφαιστοτυκές A.Fr.69
(lyr.). -
10 περάτη
A farthest quarter, extremity of the heavens, whether East, A.R.1.1281, or (more freq.) West, Od.23.243, Call.Del. 169.2 of the southern hemisphere, Arat.499. -
11 ἄνθρωπος
A man, both as a generic term and of individuals, Hom. etc., opp. gods, , etc.; πρὸς ἠοίων ἢ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων the men of the east or of the west, Od.8.29; even of the dead in the Isles of the Blest, ib.4.565;κόμπος οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον A.Th. 425
, cf. S.Aj. 761.2 Pl. uses it both with and without the Art. to denote man generically,ὁ ἄ. θείας μετέσχε μοίρας Prt. 322a
;οὕτω.. εὐδαιμονέστατος γίγνεται ἄ. R. 619b
, al.; ὁ ἄ. the ideal man, humanity,ἀπώλεσας τὸν ἄ., οὐκ ἐπλήρωσας τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν Arr.Epict.2.9.3
.3 in pl., mankind,ἀνθρώπων.. ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Il.9.134
;ἐν τῷ μακρῷ.. ἀνθρώπων χρόνψ S.Ph. 306
; ἐξἀνθρώπων γίγνεσθαι depart this life, Paus.4.26.5, cf. Philostr.VA8.31.b joined with a [comp] Sup. to increase its force, ; ὁ ἄριστος ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄρτυξ the best quail in the world, Pl.Ly. 211e; freq. without a Prep., μάλιστα, ἥκιστα ἀνθρώπων, most or least of all, Hdt.1.60, Pl.Lg. 629a, Prt. 361e; ἄριστά γ' ἀ., ὀρθότατα ἀ., Id.Tht. 148b, 195b, etc.c τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πράγματα 'all the trouble in the world', ib. 170e;γραφὰς τὰς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἐγράφετο Lys.13.73
;αἱ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πληγαί Aeschin.1.59
;πάντα τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων κακὰ ἔλεγε D.C.57.23
.4 joined with another Subst., like ἀνήρ, ἄ. ὁδίτης Il.16.263;πολίτας ἀ. D.22.54
; with names of nations,πόλις Μερόπων ἀνθρώπων h.Ap.42
; in [dialect] Att. freq. in a contemptuous sense, ἄ. ὑπογραμματεύς, ἄ. γόης, ἄ. συκοφάντης, Lys.30.28, Aeschin.2.153,183;ἄ. ἀλαζών X.Mem.1.7.2
;ἄ. ὑφάντης Pl.Phd. 87b
;Μενίππου, Καρός τινος ἀνθρώπου D.21.175
;ἄ. βασιλεύς Ev.Matt.22.2
.5 ἅνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος alone, the man, the fellow, Pl.Prt. 314e, Phd. 117e; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄ., with slight irony, ib. 116d, al.; with a sense of pity, D.21.91.6 in the voc. freq. in a contemptuous sense, as when addressed to slaves, etc., ἄνθρωπε or sirrah! you sir!Hdt.
3.63,8.125, and freq. in Pl., but in Trag. only S.Aj. 791, 1154; simply, brother, POxy.215.1, Diog.Oen. 2.7 slave,ἂν ἄ. ᾖ Philem.22
;ἄ. ἐμός Gal.14.649
; ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἁμαρτίας orἀνομίας 2 Ep.Thess.2.3
;ἄ. τοῦ Θεοῦ
1 Ep.Tim.6.11
; but τιθέναι τινὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις make a man of, of a freed slave, Herod.5.15.9 Medic., name of a plaster,ἡ διὰ σάνδυκος ἄ. καλουμένη Aët.15.43
.II as fem., woman, Pi.P.4.98, Hdt.1.60, Isoc.18.52, Arist.EN 1148b20; contemptuously, of female slaves, Antipho1.17, Is.6.20, etc.; with a sense of pity, D.19.197.—Prop. opp. θηρίον, cf. ἀνήρ; but opp. γυνή, Aeschin.3.137;ἀπὺ ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός LXX 1 Es.9.40
, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄνθρωπος
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12 ἱππόστασις
A stable, Plb.13.8.3, Ph. 2.307 (pl.), Poll.1.184, Anon.Oxy.1368.46: metaph., Ἀελίου κνεφαία ἱππόστασις the dark stable of the Sun, i.e. the West, E.Alc. 594 (lyr.); but Ἕω φαεννὰς Ἡλίου θ' ἱπποστάσεις, of the East, Id.Fr.771.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἱππόστασις
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13 βαίτυλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: kind of (magical) stone (Sotakos of Karystos apud Plin. N. H. 37, 135), which fell from heaven (Dam. Isid. 94, 203). Acc. to Hesychius the stone given to Kronos instead of Zeus. Also name of a god ( Διὶ Βετύλῳ, Dura iii AD). βαίτυλον αν κατέπιες Apostol. 9.24, of a greedy person.Other forms: ῡ (but how do we know?).Derivatives: βαιτύλιον (Dam. etc.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.Etymology: The discussion is very unclear, also because archeologists use the term in a very wide sense, without caring for the name. Zuntz Class. et Mediaeval. 8, 169ff. (who discusses the sources) thought it was a Mediterranean word, from which also Sem. bethel, interpreted as `House of God'. Unwisely, Zuntz postulates a pan-Mediterranan substrate to explain his facts, which nobody will accept. Hemmerdinger, Glotta 48 (1970) 99f. thinks it is Sem.; thus Röllig, Dict. Deities Demons (s.v. Bethel). The fact that the word appears very late, and in the context of northern Syria, makes it most probable that the word is Semitic, Bayt-el `House of El'; an old Pre-Gr. word is therefore improbable; cf. also Ribichini ib. s.v. Baetyl. (West, East Face 294f., makes the mistake (pointed out in the laterature) that in Gen. 28. 10-22 the place, not the stone, is called 'House of God'; see Wests concluding remark. Comparable stones are called abaddir in Punic, but what conclusion can be drawn from it (I think none), is unclear; the meaning of the term is unknown). Not helpful Davidson Hermes 123 (1995) 363-9.Page in Frisk: 1,211Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαίτυλος
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14 Βηθσαϊδά(ν)
Βηθσαϊδά(ν), ἡ indecl. (בֵּית צַיְדָה) Bethsaida.① place north of Lake Gennesaret (Jos., Ant. 18, 28), east of the Jordan, near where it empties into the lake. Acc. to J 1:44; 12:21 home of Philip, Andrew, and Peter. Mt 11:21; Mk 6:45; 8:22; Lk 9:10; 10:13 (Βηδʼσαϊδα P75). Its distinction from another B. located farther west, B. τῆς Γαλιλαίας (J 12:21), awaits solution.—Schürer II 171f (sources and lit.); Dalman, Orte3 173ff (Eng. tr. 161–83); CMcCown, The Problem of the Site of Beths.: JPOS 10, 1930, 32–58; LVaganay, Mk 6:45: RB 49, ’40, 5–32; PVannutelli, Synoptica ’40 III–VIII; CKopp, Dominican Studies 3, ’50, 11–40. BHHW I 234; OEANE I 302–5. S. Καφαρναούμ.② J 5:2 P75 et al. (s. Βηθεσδά, Βηθζαθά). -
15 Βηθσαϊδά(ν)
Βηθσαϊδά(ν), ἡ indecl. (בֵּית צַיְדָה) Bethsaida.① place north of Lake Gennesaret (Jos., Ant. 18, 28), east of the Jordan, near where it empties into the lake. Acc. to J 1:44; 12:21 home of Philip, Andrew, and Peter. Mt 11:21; Mk 6:45; 8:22; Lk 9:10; 10:13 (Βηδʼσαϊδα P75). Its distinction from another B. located farther west, B. τῆς Γαλιλαίας (J 12:21), awaits solution.—Schürer II 171f (sources and lit.); Dalman, Orte3 173ff (Eng. tr. 161–83); CMcCown, The Problem of the Site of Beths.: JPOS 10, 1930, 32–58; LVaganay, Mk 6:45: RB 49, ’40, 5–32; PVannutelli, Synoptica ’40 III–VIII; CKopp, Dominican Studies 3, ’50, 11–40. BHHW I 234; OEANE I 302–5. S. Καφαρναούμ.② J 5:2 P75 et al. (s. Βηθεσδά, Βηθζαθά). -
16 Πάφος
Πάφος, ου, ἡ (Hom. et al.; ins; SibOr 4, 128; 5, 451) Paphos (Nea Paphos), a city on the west coast of Cyprus less than 2 km. fr. the shore (not to be confused w. Palaipaphos, which is east of Nea Paphos) the seat of the Rom. proconsul. Paul visited the city on his so-called first missionary journey Ac 13:6, 13.—Lit. s.v. Κύπρος; JHS 9, 1889, 158ff.; Pauly-W. XVIII 937ff; Kl. Pauly IV 484–87; BHHW III 1382f; PECS 673f (lit.); FMaier, Alt-Paphos auf Cypern ’85; OEANE IV 245f. -
17 πέραν
πέραν adv. of place (Hom. [πέρην] et al.; ins, pap, LXX) marker of a position across from someth. else, with intervening space, on the other side.ⓐ funct. as adv., and subst. w. the art. τὸ πέραν the shore or land on the other side (X., An. 4, 3, 11; Sb 7252, 19) εἰς τὸ πέραν (Pla.; Polyb.; SIG 495, 84; 619, 27; 709, 6; BGU 1022, 25; 1 Macc 9:48) Mt 8:18, 28; 14:22; 16:5; Mk 4:35; 5:21; 6:45; 8:13.ⓑ funct. as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §184; Rob. 646)α. answering the question ‘whither?’ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης Jesus went away to the other side of the lake J 6:1. ἤρχοντο πέραν τ. θαλάσσης εἰς Καφαρναούμ vs. 17. Cp. 10:40; 18:1.β. answering the question ‘where?’ ταῦτα ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ἐγένετο πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου this took place in Bethany on the other side of the Jordan J 1:28 (PParker, JBL 74, ’55, 257–61 [not ‘beyond’=west, but ‘across from’=east]). τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου Mt 19:1. Cp. J 3:26; 6:22, 25.—πέραν w. gen. can also be used w. the art. as a subst. (X., An. 3, 5, 2 εἰς τὸ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ; Jos., Ant. 7, 198) ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης they came to the (land on the) other side of the lake Mk 5:1. Cp. Lk 8:22.—The improper restoration τ[ὰ ὄντα]| πέρ̣αν τῶν [ἀ]κο[ῶ]ν Ox 1081, 6f fails to take account of the Coptic duplicate, s. ἀκούω 7, ἀπέραντος.γ. In a number of places πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου (Is 8:23; cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 222) functions as an indecl. name for the territory on the other (eastern) side of the Jordan, i.e. Perea ἀπὸ τ. Γαλιλαίας καὶ Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου from Galilee and Judea and Perea Mt 4:25. ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου Mk 3:8. Cp. Mt 4:15 (Is 8:23); Mk 10:1 (v.l. διὰ τοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου).—Περαία, ας (oft. in Joseph.) is found in our lit. only as v.l.: Lk 6:17. (The expression is by no means limited to Palestine: ἐν τῇ περαίᾳ in Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 42 §168 refers to the land on the other side of the river. In addition, the region of the Carian mainland opposite the island of Rhodes was called Perea: Appian, op. cit. 4, 72 §305; also Livy 32, 33; 33, 18.)—Meistermann (Καφαρναούμ, end) 93ff. DELG s.v. πέρα. M-M. -
18 Συρία
Συρία, ας, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, LXX; EpArist 22; SibOr 12, 102 [elsewh. Συρίη, s. index of names]; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 1; s. B-D-F §261, 6) Syria, the part of Western Asia bounded on the north by the Taurus Mts., on the east by the lands of the Euphrates, on the south by Palestine, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea. In 64 B.C. it became a Roman province; its capital was Antioch. Mt 4:24; Ac 18:18; 20:3; 21:3; IEph 1:2; IRo 5:1; 10:2; ISm 11:2; IPol 7:2; 8:2; Pol 13:1. Mentioned beside Cilicia, its neighboring province in Asia Minor (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Diod S 16, 42, 1; 9 of the two neighboring satrapies of Persian times) Ac 15:23, 41; Gal 1:21; IPhld 11:1. Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Σ. (s. Ἀντιόχεια 1) ISm 11:1; IPol 7:1; IPhld 10:1. The province was governed by an imperial legate (s. ἡγεμονεύω and Κυρήνιος) Lk 2:2. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ ἐν Συρίᾳ the church in Syria IEph 21:2; IMg 14; ITr 13:1; IRo 9:1. Ignatius is ὁ ἐπίσκοπος Συρίας IRo 2:2.—GBeer, RE XIX 1907, 281–95 (lit.); RDussaud, Mission dans les régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne 1903, Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale 1926; BMaisler, Untersuchungen z. alten Gesch. u. Ethnographie Syriens u. Palätinas I 1929; KBaedeker, Palästina u. Syrien7 1910, Syrie-Palestine, Irâq, Transjordanie ’32; LHaefeli, Syrien u. sein Libanon 1926; UKahrstedt, Syr. Territorien in hellenist. Zeit 1926. On the relig. situation s. Schürer III 13f; Dussaud, Notes de Mythologie Syrienne 1903–5; FCumont, Études Syriennes 1917, Religionen3 ’31, 94–123; 253–77 (lit.); HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 146–57; Prümm 264–68; 651–54. S. also CClermont-Ganneau, Recueil d’archéol. orientale, eight vols. 1888–1924; PHitti, History of S., Lebanon, and Palestine ’51; GTchalenko, Villages antiques de la S. du Nord I–III ’55–58; AVööbus, History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient ’58–61; GDowney, A History of Antioch in S. fr. Seleucus to the Arab Conquest ’61; HGese, Die Religionen Altsyriens ’70; EWirth, S., eine geogr. Landeskunde ’71. Pauly-W. VII 2157–63; 2d ser. IV 1574–82, 1602–1728; Kl. Pauly V 469–73; RAC I 854–60; DACL XV 1855–1942; BHHW III 1919–22.—M-M. -
19 Ἀραβία
Ἀραβία, ας, ἡ (Hdt. 3, 107 et al.; TestSol; EpArist 119; Philo; Joseph. Ἀρρ-; Just. On Ἀ. w. and without the art. s. B-D-F §261, 6; PFlor 278 στρατηγῷ Ἀραβίας) Arabia as a geogr. concept includes the territory west of Mesopotamia, east and south of Syria and Palestine, to the isthmus of Suez. In Roman times independent kingdoms arose like that of the Nabataeans south of Damascus, which could be called simply Arabia (Diod S 19, 94, 1 χώρα τῶν Ἀράβων τῶν καλουμένων Ναβαταίων; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Γοαρήνη: χώρα Ἀραβίας πλησίον Δαμασκοῦ; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294 describes Ἄραβες and Ἑβραῖοι as neighbors), and is regularly so called by Joseph. This seems to have been the country visited by Paul after his conversion Gal 1:17 (CBriggs, The Ap. Paul in Arabia: Biblical World 41, 1913, 255–59). Of Arabia in the narrower sense, w. special ref. to the Sinai peninsula Gal 4:25. As the home of the phoenix 1 Cl 25:1.—BMoritz, Arabien 1923; HPhilby, Arabia 1930; JMontgomery, A. and the Bible ’34; FAbel, Géographie de la Palestine ’33/38, I 288–94; II 164–68. ANegev, ANRW II/8, ’77, 520–686.—EDNT. M-M.
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